The refuge contains several ecologically distinct habitats

including; beaches, coastal lagoons, mangrove wetlands, and upland forested areas. Some of excellent examples of sub-tropical dry forest in the Caribbean can be found on refuge lands.

The marine environment surrounding the refuge contains

coral reefs and sea grass beds. The refuge and its surrounding waters are home to at least two plants and eight animals on the Federal endangered species list including; the Caribbean West Indian manatee, the Brown Pelican, and four species of sea turtles.

In addition to its ecological value, the refuge contains important resources of archeological and historic significance, legacy of the Taэno culture and sugar cane era.